Date Received: Aug 21, 2018
Date Accepted: Aug 21, 2018
Date Published: Aug 21, 2018
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Section:
ECONOMICS, SOCIETY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
How to Cite:
Nui, N., Chinh, N., Giam, D., Lam, N., Son, C., Philippe, L., & Martin, R. N. (2018). Livelihood Capital and Poverty Status of Forest Dependent Households in the Highland Area: A Case Study in Bac Kan Province, Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(1), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2018.1.1.09
Livelihood Capital and Poverty Status of Forest Dependent Households in the Highland Area: A Case Study in Bac Kan Province, Vietnam
,
Nguyen Quoc Chinh
1
,
Do Quang Giam
1
,
Nguyen Thanh Lam
1
,
Cao Truong Son
1
,
Philippe Lebailly
2
,
Martin Reinhardt Nielsen
3
Keywords
Forests dependence, livelihood capitals, logit model, poverty status, ethnic minority, Bac Kan
Abstract
Bac Kan is the mountainous province with the largest forest cover in Vietnam and forest dependence by rural households is of great significance. The objective of this study was to assess the situation of livelihood capitals, as well as their impacts on the poverty status of forest-dependent households in highland areas of Bac Kan province. Data were collected through direct interviews of 218 households living near forests in the districts of Ba Be and Na Ri. Descriptive statistics, comparison, logit model, student t-test, and chi-square test were used in this study. The results revealed that forest-dependence was high for poor households; the households’ livelihood capital was weak; and households with stronger livelihood capitals were primarily non-poor. The effect of livelihood capitals on household's poverty status was significant, and human and financial capitals had the strongest impact. The estimated logit model had high accuracy with 87.16% of observations correctly predicted. In poverty reduction programs, the state should improve the livelihood capitals, especially human and financial capitals, for the households in order to improve their welfare.
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2. Barrett C. B. and Swallow B. M. (2004). Dynamic poverty traps and rural livelihoods. Rural Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction Policies. Routledge, London. pp. 103-165.
3. Bebbington A. (1999). Capitals and Capabilities: A Framework for Analyzing Peasant Viability, Rural Livelihoods and Poverty. World Development. Vol 27 (12). pp. 2021-2044.
4. Chambers R. and Conway G. R. (1991). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century. Institute of Development Studies. Vol 26. pp. 1-25.
5. Chen H., Zhu T., Krott M., Calvo J. F., Ganesh S. P. and Makoto I. (2013). Measurement and evaluation of livelihood assets in sustainable forest commons governance. Land Use Policy. Vol 30 (1). pp. 908-914.
6. Ellis F. (1999). Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries: Evidence and policy implications. Overseas Development Institute. Vol 40. pp. 1-10.
7. Erenstein O. (2011). Livelihood assets as a multidimensional inverse proxy for poverty: a district level analysis of the Indian Indo-Gangetic Plains. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities. Vol 12 (2). pp 283-302. Working Paper, New Delhi, India.
8. Erenstein O., Hellin J. and Chandna P. (2010). Poverty
mapping based on livelihood assets: A meso-level application in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. Applied Geography. Vol 30 (1). pp. 112-125.
9. General Statistics Office (2017). Statistical Hanbook of Vietnam in 2016. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi (in Vietnamese).
10. Kamanga P., Vedeld P. and Sjaastad E. (2009). Forest incomes and rural livelihoods in Chiradzulu District, Malawi. Ecological Economics. Vol 68 (3). pp. 613-624.
11. Lawal J. O., Omonona B. T. and Oyinleye O. D. (2011). Effects of Livelihood Assets on Poverty Status of Farming Households’ in Southwestern, Nigeria. Paper prepared for presentation at the EAAE 2011 Congress Change and Uncertainty - Challenges for agriculture, food and national resources. August 30 to September 2, 2011 ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
12. Manyewu M., Campbell B. M., and Kowero G. (2005). Forests-Based Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction: Paths from Local to Global Development. IUFRO World Series, 17.
13. Menaka P., Kim K. and Lee C. (2009). Households’ Characteristics, Forest Resources Dependency and forest availability in central Terai of Nepal. Journal Of Korean Forest Society. Vol 98 (5). pp. 10.
14. Morse S., McNamara N. and Acholo M. (2009). Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A critical analysis of theory and practice. Geographical Paper No. 189, University of Reading, UK. pp. 4-23.
15. Nui N. H., Chinh N. Q., Giam D. Q. and Lam N. T. (2016). Effect of livelihood capitals to the income of forest dependent households in upland areas of Backan province, Vietnam. Journal of Economics and Development. Vol 299 (2). pp. 67-74 (in Vietnamese).
16. Vedeld P., Angelsen A., Bojö J., Sjaastad E. and Kobugabe G. B. (2007). Forest environmental incomes and the rural poor. Forest Policy and Economics. Vol 9 (7). pp. 869-879.
17. Vietnamese General Statistics Office (2017). Bac Kan Statistical Yearbook. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi (in Vietnamese).
18. William S. (2003). Sustainable Livelihoods: A Case Study of the Evolution of DFID Policy. Overseas Development Institute, London. pp. 7-16.
19. Xu D., Zhang J., Rasul G., Liu S., Xie F., Cao M. and Liu E. (2015). Household Livelihood Strategies and Dependence on Agriculture in the Mountainous Settlements in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Sustainability. Vol 7 (5). pp. 4850-4869.