A Review of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook: A Recent Update and Potential Application in Vietnam

Date Received: May 07, 2020

Date Published: Dec 31, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2020.3.4.12

Views

1882

Download

705

How to Cite:

Da, T., & Ha, L. (2020). A Review of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook: A Recent Update and Potential Application in Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(4), 892–902. https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2020.3.4.12

A Review of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook: A Recent Update and Potential Application in Vietnam

Tran Binh Da (*) 1   , Le Thi Ngoc Ha 2

  • Corresponding author: tranbinhda@gmail.com
  • 1 Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
  • 2 PhD student of Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi 130500, Vietnam

    • Keywords

    C. lanceolata var. lanceolata, C. lanceolata var. konishii, forest, oil, timber

    Abstract


    By reviewing worldwide literature, this paper aimed to systematically collate available information about the species Cunninghamia lanceolata. Based on the findings of the review, including the species’ floral characteristics; updated distribution; historical knowledge and heritage; growth and factors influencing its forests; soil nutrition and microbes; carbon storage; wood; and chemicals and essential oils, we have identified issues for consideration regarding the use of this species for big timber production in Vietnam. We propose that it is suitable for a range of applications: for small or large timber plantations, mono/mixed plantations, and agroforestry. If planted at lower altitudes or warmer temperatures, its growth is likely to be improved, but seed production may be less successful. Cultivation of this species for big timber production should be undertaken according to silviculture best practices, ensuring good seed quality, a suitable stand density, and appropriate fertilization thinning strategies, in support of government policies and in accordance with current science and technology.

    References

    Bi J., Blanco J. A., Seely B., Kimmins J. P., Ding Y. & Welham C. (2007). Yield decline in Chinese-fir plantations: a simulation investigation with implications for model complexity. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 37(9): 1615-1630.

    Bui C. N. 2018. Overview of policy and opportunity of big timber planting development in Vietnam. Vietnam Administration of Forestry, MARD (in Vietnamese).

    Cao J., Lin T.-C., Yang Z., Zheng Y., Xie L., Xiong D. & Yang Y. (2020). Warming exerts a stronger effect than nitrogen addition on the soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a young subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. Geoderma. 367: 114273.

    Chen L.-C., Wang H., Yu X., Zhang W.-d., Lü X.-T. & Wang S.-L. (2017). Recovery time of soil carbon pools of conversional Chinese fir plantations from broadleaved forests in subtropical regions, China. Science of The Total Environment. 587-588: 296-304.

    Cheng S. S., Lin C. Y., Chung M. J., Liu Y. H., Huang C. G. & Chang S. T. (2013). Larvicidal activities of wood and leaf essential oils and ethanolic extracts from Cunninghamia konishii Hayata against the dengue mosquitoes. Industrial Crops and Products. 47: 310-315.

    Cheng X.-p., Kiyoshi U., Tsuyoshi H. & Shao P.-y. (2011). Height growth, diameter-height relationships and branching architecture of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata in early regeneration stages in Anhui Province, eastern China: effects of light intensity and regeneration mode. Forestry Studies in China. 13(1): 1-12.

    Chung J. D., Lin T. P., Tan Y. C., Lin M. Y. & Hwang S. Y. (2004). Genetic diversity and biogeography of Cunninghamia konishii (Cupressaceae), an island species in Taiwan: a comparison with Cunninghamia lanceolata, a mainland species in China. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33(3): 791-801.

    Deng H. W. X., Zhang Y., Wei X., Wang G., Zhou B., Xiang W. & Zhu N. (2018). Cunninghamia lanceolata variant with red-heart wood: a mini-review. Dendrobiology. 79: 156-167.

    Farjon A (2010). A Handbook of the World’s Conifers. Vol. 1 & 2. E. J. Brill, Leiden & Boston. 1112 pp. Retrieved from https://www.gbif.org/species/5284278 on December 10, 2020.

    Fung L. E. (1993a). Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir). A study of its potential as a commercial plantation species in New Zealand PhD, University of Canterbury.

    Fung L. E. (1993b). Wood properties of New Zealand-grown Cunninghamia lanceolata New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science. 23(3): 324-338.

    He Y., Wang Q., Wang S. & Yu X. (2007). Characteristics of carbon and nitrogen of soil microbial biomass and their relationships with soil nutrients in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations. Frontiers of Forestry in China. 2(3): 266-271.

    Heinsdijk D. 1972. Forest in Southern Brazil. Rio de Janiero, Brazil: Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimeto Florestal.

    Ho N. S. & Tran T. H. G. (2017a). Impacts of seed stipulation methods on the germination of Cunninghamia konishii Hayata. Science and Technology Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development. Special of Variety Issue (2): 206-212.

    Ho N. S. & Tran T. H. G. (2017b). Study on seed processing and storage techniques for Cunninghamia konishii Hayata. Science and Technology Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development. 22: 85-92.

    ITTO (2019). Tropical timber market report International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO).

    ITTO (2020). Biennial review statistics. Retrieved from https://www.itto.int/biennal_review/?mode=searchdata on April 22, 2020.

    Jiang J., Lu J., Ren H. & Long C. (2010). Predicting the flexural properties of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation dimension lumber from growth ring width. Journal of Wood Science. 56(1): 15-18.

    Jyoti P., Meena K. R., Sharma A., Kapoor R., Sharma T. & Kanwar S. S. (2018). Anti-microbial and Anti-oxidant Properties of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Insight Pharmaceutical Sciences. 8(1): 1-7.

    Kang B., Liu S., Zhang G., Chang J., Wen Y., Ma J. & Hao W. (2006). Carbon accumulation and distribution in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forest ecosystem in Daqingshan, Guangxi, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 26(5): 1320-1327.

    Kang H., Seely B., Wang G., Cai Y., Innes J., Zheng D., Chen P. & Wang T. (2017). Simulating the impact of climate change on the growth of Chinese fir plantations in Fujian province, China. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science. 47(1): 1-20.

    Li R.-S., Yang Q.-P., Zhang W.-D., Zheng W.-H., Chi Y.-G., Xu M., Fang Y.-T., Gessler A., Li M.-H. & Wang S.-L. (2017). Thinning effect on photosynthesis depends on needle ages in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. Science of The Total Environment. 580: 900-906.

    Li R., Han J., Guan X., Chi Y., Zhang W., Chen L., Wang Q., Xu M., Yang Q. & Wang S. (2020). Crown pruning and understory removal did not change the tree growth rate in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. Forest Ecology and Management. 464: 118056.

    Li R., Zheng W., Yang Q., Zhang W., Chi Y., Wang P., Xu M., Guan X., Chen L., Wang Q. & Wang S. (2019a). The response of soil respiration to thinning was not affected by understory removal in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. Geoderma. 353: 47-54.

    Li Y., Deng X., Zhang Y., Huang Y., Wang C., Xiang W., Xiao F. & Wei X. (2019b). Chemical Characteristics of Heartwood and Sapwood of Red-Heart Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Forest Products Journal. 69(2): 103-109.

    Liao Y., Fan H., Wei X., Wu J., Duan H., Fu X., Liu W., Wang H., Zhan X., Tang P. & Li F. (2019). Competition increased fine root biomass in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations in Subtropical China. Forest Ecology and Management. 435: 151-157.

    Liu B., Liu Q., Daryanto S., Ma X., Guo S., Wang L. & Wang Z. (2018). Seedling emergence and early growth of Chinese fir under different light levels and seed positions: implications for natural regeneration. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 48(9): 1034-1041.

    Lü W. & Zhao G. (2008). Structure and characterization of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT intercalation nanocomposite (WMNC). Frontiers of Forestry in China. 3(1): 121-126.

    Lu Y., Coops N. C., Wang T. & Wang G. (2015). A Process-based approach to estimate Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) distribution and productivity in Southern China under climate change. 6(2): 360-379.

    Mao J., Cao J.-z. & Zheng X. (2009). Effect of compression on the liquid absorption of Chinese fir wood with different heartwood-to-sapwood ratios. Forestry Studies in China. 11(3): 196-201.

    MARD (2002). Sector standard 04-TCN-66-2002 - Process of afforestation of Sa Moc forest, issued together with Decision No. 4895/QD-BNN-KHCN of November 11, 2002 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

    MARD (2018). Circular 30/2018/TT-BNNPTNT list of major forest tree species recognition of cultivars cultivar sources. In: Development, M. O. a. a. R. (ed.) (in Vietnamese).

    Minghe L. & Ritchie G. A. (1999). Eight hundred years of clonal forestry in China: I. traditional afforestation with Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.). New Forests. 18(2): 131-142.

    Mnghui G. (1996). Variation pattern of wood properties of natural Cunninghamia lanceolata. Journal of Northeast Forestry University. 7(2): 56-59.

    Nguyen Danh Hung, Nguyen Thanh Chung, Phan Thi Quynh Nga, Nguyen Xuan Truong and Do Ngoc Dai (2017). Biological characteristics and volatile oil constituents of Cunninghamia konishii Hayata in Pu Hoat Nature Reserve, Nghe An Province. The 7th National Conference on Ecology and Biological Resources.. 1207-1213 (in Vietnamese).

    Nguyen Dinh Vo (2017). Oily Samu - A heritage tree of Nghe An Provnce in the top ten of world giant trees. http://nghean.gov.vn/ (in Vietnamese).

    Nguyen T. T. H., Ho N. S., Tran T. H. G. & Dang K. T. (2017b). Testing results of some chemical pesticides used on Cunninghamia konishii Hayata nursery period in Ha Giang Province Science and Technology Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development. 13: 124-128.

    Niu D., Wang S. & Ouyang Z. (2009). Comparisons of carbon storages in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei plantations during a 22-year period in southern China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 21(6): 801-805.

    Norman M. (2016). Trends in timber product exports and imports from Vietnam and the Mekong region. Forest Trends. Report in October 2016. Retrieved from https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/vietnam-and-mekong-export-and-import-trends__marigold-norman-forest-trends-pdf.pdf on December 3, 2019.

    Pham V. T., Phan K. L., Averyanov L. V., Nguyen S. K. & Nguyen T. T. H. (2013). Native conifers of Vietnam: Updated checklist 2013. Journal of Ecological Economy. 45: 33-45.

    Phan K. L., Pham V. T., Phan K. L., Regalado J., Averyanov l. V. & Maslin B. (2017). Native conifers of Vietnam - a review Pakistan Journal of Botany. 49(5): 2037-2068.

    Schlarbaum S. E. & Tsuchiya T. (1984). The chromosomes of Cunninghamia konishii, C. lanceolata, and Taiwania cryptomerioides (Taxodiaceae). Plant systematics and evolution. 145(3): 169-181.

    Schmidt E., Huong L. T., Dai D. N., Thang T. D., Wanner J. & Jirovetz L. (2016). Analysis and Olfactory Description of Four Essential Oils from Vietnam. 11(10): 1934578X1601101032.

    Selvaraj S., Duraisamy V., Huang Z., Guo F. & Ma X. (2017). Influence of long-term successive rotations and stand age of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations on soil properties. Geoderma. 306: 127-134.

    Sun H., Zhang J., Duan A. & He C. (2011). Estimation of the self-thinning boundary line within even-aged Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) stands: Onset of self-thinning. Forest Ecology and Management. 261(6): 1010-1015.

    Thai Van Trung (1970). Forest flora of Vietnam. Science and Technics Publishing House. p230. (in Vietnamese).

    Tran Van Con (2013). Research on scientific, technological and socio-economic solutions to plant large, fast-growing timber forests on bare land with poor forest and forest land properties. Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences. p245 (in Vietnamese).

    Vietnam Gov (2007). Decision on a number of policies for development of production forests in the 2007-2015 period. Retrieved from https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/tai-nguyen-moi-truong/Quyet-dinh-147-2007-QD-TTg-chinh-sach-phat-trien-rung-san-xuat-giai-doan-2007-2015-55318.aspx on Socialist Republic of Viet Nam Government Portal (in Vietnamese).

    Vietnam Gov (2011). Decision amending and supplementing a number of articles of decision no. 147/2007/QD-TTG of September 10, 2007, on a number of policies for development of production forests during 2007-2015. Retrieved from https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Quyet-dinh-66-2011-QD-TTg-sua-doi-Quyet-dinh-147-2007-QD-TTg-chinh-sach-phat-132806.aspx on Socialist Republic of Viet Nam Government Portal (in Vietnamese).

    Vietnam Gov (2017). Decision approving target program for sustainable forestry development during 2016-2020 period. Retrieved from https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Quyet-dinh-886-QD-TTg-2017-phe-duyet-Chuong-trinh-phat-trien-Lam-nghiep-ben-vung-2016-2020-352354.aspx on Socialist Republic of Viet Nam Government Portal (in Vietnamese).

    Vietnam Plant Data Center (2009). Introduction of Vietnam conifers: Cunninghamia konishii. Retrieved from http://www.botanyvn.com/?lg=en on November 11, 2019.

    VOV (2017). Timber supply matters to Vietnam’s wood industry. In: Vietnam, T. V. O. (ed.) (in Vietnamese).

    Wadsworth F. H. (1997). Forest Production for Tropical America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. p563.

    Wang J., Li J., Li S., Freitag C. & Morrell J. J. (2011). Antifungal activities of Cunninghamia lanceolata heartwood extractives. BioResources. 6(1): 606-614.

    Wang Q., Wang S. & Huang Y. (2008). Comparisons of litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient return in a monoculture Cunninghamia lanceolata and a mixed stand in southern China. Forest Ecology and Management. 255(3): 1210-1218.

    Wang Q., Wang S. & Huang Y. (2009). Leaf litter decomposition in the pure and mixed plantations of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei in subtropical China. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 45(4): 371-377.

    Wang Q., Zhang W., Sun T., Chen L., Pang X., Wang Y. & Xiao F. (2017). N and P fertilization reduced soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a young Cunninghamia lanceolata forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 232: 66-73.

    WCSP (1827). World checklist of selected plant families: Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2743 (1827).

    WCSP (1908). World checklist of selected plant families: Cunninghamia konishii Hayata, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 43: 194 (1908).

    WCSP (1932). World checklist of selected plant families: Cunninghamia lanceolata var. konishii (Hayata) Fujita, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa. 22: 49, 476 (1932).

    Wu H., Xiang W., Ouyang S., Xiao W., Li S., Chen L., Lei P., Deng X., Zeng Y., Zeng L. & Peng C. (2020). Tree growth rate and soil nutrient status determine the shift in nutrient-use strategy of Chinese fir plantations along a chronosequence. Forest Ecology and Management. 460: 117896.

    Xia Z.-C., Kong C.-H., Chen L.-C. & Wang S.-L. (2015). Allelochemical-mediated soil microbial community in long-term monospecific Chinese fir forest plantations. Applied Soil Ecology. 96: 52-59.

    Xing J.-q., Ikuo M. & Wakako O. (2005). Natural resistance of two plantation woods Populus × canadensis cv. and Cunninghamia lanceolata to decay fungi and termites. Forestry Studies in China. 7(1): 36-39.

    Xu H., Cao D., Feng J., Wu H., Lin J. & Wang Y. (2016). Transcriptional regulation of vascular cambium activity during the transition from juvenile to mature stages in Cunninghamia lanceolata. Journal of Plant Physiology. 200: 7-17.

    Xu Y., Du C., Huang G., Li Z., Xu X., Zheng J. & Wu C. (2019). Morphological characteristics of tree crowns of Cunninghamia lanceolata var. Luotian. Journal of Forestry Research. DOI: 10.1007/s11676-019-00901-4.

    Xue L., Hou X., Li Q. & Hao Y. (2015). Self-thinning lines and allometric relation in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands. Journal of Forestry Research. 26(2): 281-290.

    Yang Y., Zhang X., Wang H., Fu X., Wen X., Zhang C., Chen F. & Wan S. (2019). How understory vegetation affects the catalytic properties of soil extracellular hydrolases in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forest. European Journal of Soil Biology. 90: 15-21.

    Yeh F. C., Shi J., Yang R., Hong J. H. & Ye Z. (1994). Genetic diversity and multilocus associations in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook from The People's Republic of China. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 88(3): 465-471.

    Yin Y., Nagao H., Liu X. & Nakai T. (2010). Mechanical properties assessment of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation wood with three acoustic-based nondestructive methods. Journal of Wood Science. 56(1): 33-40.

    Zhang J., Wang S., Feng Z. & Wang Q. (2009). Stability of soil organic carbon changes in successive rotations of Chinese ffir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) plantations. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 21(3): 352-359.

    Zhang X., Wang Z., Chhin S., Wang H., Duan A. & Zhang J. (2020). Relative contributions of competition, stand structure, age, and climate factors to tree mortality of Chinese fir plantations: Long-term spacing trials in southern China. Forest Ecology and Management. 465: 118103.

    Zhou L., Shalom A.-D. D., Wu P., Li S., Jia Y. & Ma X. (2015). Litterfall production and nutrient return in different-aged Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations in South China. Journal of Forestry Research. 26(1): 79-89.

    Zhou L., Sun Y., Saeed S., Zhang B. & Luo M. (2020). The difference of soil properties between pure and mixed Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations depends on tree species. Global Ecology and Conservation. 22: e01009.

    Zhou T., Jia X., Liao H., Peng S. & Peng S. (2016). Effects of elevated mean and extremely high temperatures on the physio-ecological characteristics of geographically distinctive populations of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Scientific Reports. 6: 39187-39187.

    Zhou X., Cheng C. & Roshchin V. J. L. H. Y. G. (1997). Study on the chemical composition of substances extracted from the green crown of Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. 17: 55-60.

    Zhu G., Hu S., Chhin S., Zhang X. & He P. (2019). Modelling site index of Chinese fir plantations using a random effects model across regional site types in Hunan province, China. Forest Ecology and Management. 446: 143-150.