Effect of Plant Density and Hand Weeding on Weed Control and Yield of the Vegetable Corn

Date Received: Oct 16, 2020

Date Published: Dec 31, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2020.3.4.02

Views

2659

Download

740

How to Cite:

Thiem, T., Thu, T., & Loan, N. (2020). Effect of Plant Density and Hand Weeding on Weed Control and Yield of the Vegetable Corn. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(4), 784–797. https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2020.3.4.02

Effect of Plant Density and Hand Weeding on Weed Control and Yield of the Vegetable Corn

Tran Thi Thiem (*) 1 , Thieu Thi Phong Thu 1   , Nguyen Thi Loan 1

  • Corresponding author: tranthiem@vnua.edu.vn
  • 1 Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam

    • Keywords

    Planting density, hand weeding, vegetable corn, yield, weeds

    Abstract


    Weed infestation has an adverse impact on the yield of vegetable corn. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of plant density and hand weeding on controlling weeds and yield of vegetable corn. The experiments were conducted in the field condition in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The planting densities were 79,365 plants ha-1 (D1); 92,593 plants ha-1 (D2); 111,111 plants ha-1 (D3); and 138,889 plants ha-1 (D4). The hand weeding treatments were no weeding (NW), hand weeding once at 3-4 leaf stage of vegetable corn (HW1), and hand weeding twice at 3-4 leaf and 8-9 leaf stages of vegetable corn (HW2). The results showed that the highest planting density combined with hand weeding was generally effective in controlling weeds. Furthermore, the increase in planting density combined with hand weeding significantly improved the physiological traits, which consequently increased the cob yield. The yield was optimum at D3 combined with hand weeding once. Thus, the results suggested that the optimum yield of vegetable corn could be obtained at a planting density of 111,111 plants ha-1 combined with hand weeding once at 3-4 leaf stage, an increase of the cob yield by 2.01 tons ha-1.

    References

    Abouziena H. F., El-Karmany M. F., Sigh M. & Sharma S. D. (2007). Effect of nitrogen and weed control treatment on maize yield and associated weeds in sandy soil. Weed Technology. 21: 1049-1053.

    Ahmed S., Salim M. & Chauhan B. S. (2014). Effect of Weed Management and Seed Rate on Crop Growth under Direct Dry Seeded Rice Systems in Bangladesh. Plos One. 9(7): 1-10.

    Al-Samarai G. F., Mahdi W. M. & Al-Hilali B. M. (2018). Reducing environmental pollution by chemical herbicides using natural plant derivatieves – allelopathy effect. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 25(3): 449-452.

    Bibi Z., Khan N., Akram M., Khan Q., Khan M. J., Batool S. & Makhdum K. (2010). Integrating cultivars with reduced herbicides rates for weed management in maize. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 42(3): 1923-1929.

    Dalley C. D., Bernards M. L. & Kells J. J. (2006). Effect of weed removal timing and row spacing on soil moisture in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technology. 20(2): 399-409.

    Deshpande R. M., Pawar W. S., Mankar P. S., Bobde P. N. & Chimote A. N. (2006). Integrated weed management in rainfed cotton. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 51(1): 22-27.

    Dutta D., Thentu T. L. & Duttamudi D. (2016). Effect of weed- management practices on weed flora, soil micro-flora and yield of baby corn (Zea mays). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 61(2): 210-216.

    El-Sobky E. E. A. & El-Naggar N. Z. A. (2016). Effect of weed control treatment and planting density in Maize (Zea mays L.). Egyptian Journal of Agronomy. 38(1): 55-77.

    Eskandarnejad S., Khorasani S. S., Bakhtiari S. & Heidarian A. R. (2013). Effect of row spacing and plant density on yield and yield components of Sweet corn (Zea may L. Saccharata) varieties. Advanced Crop Science. 3(1): 81-88.

    Fakir M. S. A. & Islam M. A. (2008). Effect of planting density on morphological features and yield in “baby” corn. Journal of Agroforestry and Environment. 2(2): 9-13.

    Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2020). FAOSTAT on crop production. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC on December 12, 2019.

    Gnanasoundari P. (2013). Weed management in organic rice production. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

    Ghosh M., Maity S. K., Gupta S. K. & Chowdhury A. R. (2017). Performance of baby corn under different plant densities and fertility levels in lateritic soils of eastern India. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience. 5(3): 696-702.

    Han K., Liu B., Liu P. & Wang Z. (2020). The optimal plant density of maize for dairy cow forage production. Agronomy. 2020: 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20004.

    Jia Q., Sun L. Mou H., Ali S., Liu D., Zhang Y., Zhang P., Ren X. & Jia Z. (2018). Effects of planting patterns and sowing densities on grain-filling, radiation use efficiency and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in semi-arid regions. Agricultural Water Management. 201: 287-298.

    Khan N., Khan Z. & Khan A. (2017). Effect of maize planting densities on various growth parameters of barnyard grass. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology. 14(1): 123-128.

    Khan M. A., Ali K., Hussain Z. & Afridi R. A. (2012). Impact of maize-legume Intercropping on weeds and maize crop. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research. 18(1): 127-136.

    Khanh T. D., Trung K. H., Anh L. H. & Xuan T. D. (2018). Allelopathy of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) weed: an allelopathic interaction with rice (Oryza sativa). Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 1(1): 97-116.

    Kotru R., Singh L., Singh P., Quayoom S., Sing K. N. & Ahmad L. (2012). Growth and yield of baby corn (Zea mays L.) as influenced by sowing dates and weed management practices under temperate condition. Haryana Journal of Agronomy. 28(1&2):11-18.

    Kumar B., Prasad S., Mandal D. & Kumar R. (2017). Influence of integrated weed management practices on weed dynamics, productivity and nutrient uptake of Rabi maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(4): 1431-1440.

    Kumawat N., Yadav R. K., Bangar K. S., Tiwari S. C., Morya J. & Kumar R. (2019). Studies on intergrated weed management practices in maize - A review. Agricultural Reviews. 40(1): 29-36.

    Lykhovyd P. V., Ushkarenko V. O., Lavrenko S. O., Lavrenko N. M., Zhuikov O. H., Mrynskyi I. M. & Didenko N. O. (2019). Leaf area index of sweet corn (Zea mays ssp. Saccharat L.) crops depending on cultivation technology in the drip – irrigated conditions of the south of Ukraine. Modern Phytomorphology. 13(1-4): 1-5.

    Madavi B., Leela Rani P., Sreenivas G. & Surekha K. (2017). Effect of High Density Planting and Weed Management Practices on Weed Drymatter, Weed Indices and Yield of Bt Cotton. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience. 5(4): 1945-1950.

    Mani V. S., Mala M. L., Gautam K. C. & Bhagavandas (1973). Weed-killing chemicals in potato cultivation. India Farming. 23: 7-13.

    Marín C. & Weiner J. (2014). Effects of density and sowing pattern on weed suppression and grain yield in three varieties of maize under high weed pressure. Weed Research. 54(5): 467-474.

    Matta S. E. G., Khedr E. A. F., Mehgoub G. M. A. & Shelby M. A. K. (1990). Effect of plant population density and nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of some late maturing maize variety. Egyptian Journal Applied Science. 5(8): 519-532.

    Murphy S. D., Yakubu Y., Wise S. F. & Swanton C. J. (1996). Effect of planting patterns and inter-row cultivation on competition between corn (Zea mays) and late emerging weeds. Weed Science. 44: 865-870.

    Nguyen V. L., Nguyen T. H., Nguyen V. L, Dinh T. H. & Nguyen T. N. (2009). Effects of different plant densities on yield and quality of hybrid baby corn. Journal of Science and Development. 7 (Eng. Iss. 2): 202-208.

    Nguyen V. L. (2016). Study on growth, yield and heterosis of vegetable corn hybrids. Vietnam Journal Agricultural Science. 14(4): 501-509.

    Nguyen Van Loc & Nguyen Van Minh (2019). Using organic pots and granulated compound fertilizer application for HN88 waxy maize variety. Tay Nguyen Journal of Science. 39: 38-47 (in Vietnamese).

    Shapiro C. A. & Wortmann C. S. (2006). Corn response to

    nitrogen rate, row spacing and plant density in Eastern Nebraska. Agronomy Journal. 98: 529-535.

    Suk J. K., Yong W. K., Duong V. C. & Hoang A. C. (2005). Common weeds in Vietnam (2nd ed.). Saigon Plant Protection State Limited Company.

    Timlin D. J., Fleisher D. H., Kemanian A. R & Reddy V. R. (2014). Plant density and leaf area index effects on the distribution of light transmittance to the soil surface in Maize. Agronomy Journal. 106(5): 1828-1837.

    Valentinuz O. R. & Tollenaar M. (2006). Effect of genotype, nitrogen, plant density and row spacing on the area per leaf profile in maize. Agronomy Journal. 98: 94-99.

    Vu D. H. & Ha T. T. B. (2015). Effect of maize-soybean intercropping and hand weeding on weed control. Journal of Science and Development. 13(3): 354-363.

    Weiner J., Griepentrog H. W. & Kristensen L. (2001). Suppression of weeds by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) increases with crop density and spatial uniformity. Journal of Applied Ecology. 38: 784-790.

    Youngerman C. Z., Tommaso A. D., Curran W. S., Mirsky S. B. & Ryan M. R. (2018). Corn density effect on interseeded cover crops, weeds and grain yield. Agronomy. 110(6): 2478-2488.