Date Received: Feb 22, 2021
Date Published: Oct 29, 2021
Views
Download
Section:
How to Cite:
Sustainability Assessment of the Rural Clean Water Supply System in Hai Phong City
Keywords
Clean drinking water, rural clean water supply system, sustainability, Hai Phong
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, 92.1% of rural households in Hai Phong city had been able to access and use clean drinking water, which meets national standards as a result of developing a clean water supply system consisting of 205 plants with various management models. The authors applied the desk-study method to collect and review literature research, select a group of six criteria, and then applied the criteria to assess the system's sustainability based on Likert's 3-point scale. The results show that criteria scores ranged from 1.9 points to 2.5 points, while the total score of the whole system is 12.9 points - reaching an average sustainability level. The authors propose that in order to improve the sustainability of the clean water supply system in the rural areas of Hai Phong city in the future, management agencies and investors need to apply a solution of propagating rural people to increase their usage volume of clean water, which will help to increase the actual operating capacities of the plants, thereby increasing the revenue and profits of plant investors.
References
Bich Hoa (2016). Looking back at the implementation of rural clean water program in Tien Lang district. Hai Phong Radio and Television. Retrieved from http://thp.org.vn/artice/19718/hai-phong-xay-dung-nong-thon-moi-19-09-2016.html on May 14, 2020 (in Vietnamese).
Brikké F. & Rojas J. (2001). Key factors for sustainable cost recovery in the context of community-managed water supply. Occasional Paper Series. Retrieved from https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Brikke-2001-Key.pdf on September 20, 2020.
Department of Agricuture and Rural Development of Hai Phong city (2017). Statistics on rural clean water system (in Vietnamese).
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Hai Phong city (2019). Report on Assessment of Rural clean water and sanitation in Hai Phong city (in Vietnamese).
Domínguez I., Oviedo-Ocaña E. R., Hurtado K., Barón A. & Hall R. P. (2019). Assessing Sustainability in Rural Water Supply Systems in Developing Countries Using a Novel Tool Based on Multi-Criteria Analysis. Sustainability. 11(5363): 1-22.
General Statistics Office (2019). Result of the Population and Housing Census at 0:00, April 1, 2019.General Statistics Office Publisher, Hanoi (in Vietnamese).
Hien Anh (2016). Tien Lang: People look forward to having enough clean water to use. Retrieved from http://www.baohaiphong.com.vn/channel/4905/201607/huyen-tien-lang-nguoi-dan-mong-du-nuoc-sach-dung-2502328/ on October 9, 2016 (in Vietnamese).
Hoang Thai Dat & Manh Quan Phuc (2007). Assessment of sustainable development of a number of clean water supply schemes in Bac Giang province. Journal of Science, Technology of Irrigation and Environment. 16: 43-50 (in Vietnamese).
Ibrahim S. H. (2017). Sustainability Assessment and Identification of Determinants in Community-Based Water Supply Projects using Partial Least Squares Path Model. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. 5: 345-358.
ILO (2019). Water for Improved Rural Livelihoods. ILO Portfolio of Policy Guidance Notes. Retrieved from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---sector/documents/publication/wcms_729058.pdf on December 15, 2019.
Jimenez-Redal R., Soriano J., Holowko N., Almandoz J. & Arregui F. (2018). Assessing sustainability of rural gravity-fed water schemes on Idjwi Island, D.R. Congo. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 34(6): 1022-1035.
Luong Van Anh (2019). Results of implementing the criterion of domestic water supply in localities. Vietnam Environmental Administration Magazine.Vietnamese 4/2019: 16-25 (in Vietnamese).
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2012).Decision No. 2570/QD-BNN-TCTL promulgating the set of criteria for monitoring and evaluating rural clean water and implementation document. Retrieved from https://www.mard.gov.vn/VanBan/Pages/4826-qd-bnn-tctl.aspx on September 21, 2020 (in Vietnamese).
Montangero A. (2009). Promising management models of rural water supply services. : outcomes of the 24th AGUASAN Workshop, October 13 to 17, 2008: a workshop for sector specialists and decision-makers. SDC in collaboration with Eawag/Sandec, Helvetas and Skat.
Nguyen Thi Thu Quynh, Nguyen Tat Thang & Bui Thi Khanh Hoa (2018). Awareness and willingness to pay for clean water service of people at Thuy Nguyen district, Hai Phong city. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Science. 16: 763-772 (in Vietnamese).
Nhat Minh (2015). Hai Phong: Increasing the efficient use of water resources. Retrieved from http://mtnt.hoinongdan.org.vn/sitepages/news/1102/31551/hai-phong-tang-cuong-su-dung-hieu-qua-nguon-nuoc on September 22, 2020 (in Vietnamese).
Peter G. & Nkambule S. (2012). Factors affecting sustainability of rural water schemes in Swaziland. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 50-52: 196-204.
Prime Minister (2000). Decision No 104/2000/QĐ – TTg on the Approval of the National Strategy on Rural Water Supply and Sanitation to 2020 (in Vietnamese).
UNICEF & WHO (2015). Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water – 2015 update and MDG assessment. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.