Date Received: May 29, 2024
Date Accepted: Dec 16, 2024
Date Published: Dec 20, 2024
Views
Download
Section:
How to Cite:
Spatial Assessment of Pollutant Loads in the Ma River Basin, Song Ma District, Son La Province
Keywords
Pollution sources, pollutant load mapping, Ma river basin
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of pollution sources on the Ma River Basin in Son La Province, Vietnam, using data from local reports, statistical yearbooks, and scholarly literature. Through spatial analysis and statistical methods, the study mapped the distribution of pollutants across sub-basins in Song Ma district and assessed the pressure of each pollution source on water quality. The findings revealed that livestock raising and domestic activities were the major contributors to water pollution in the cluster 1 of sub-basins, while land-use activities were major threats to the surface water in the cluster 2 of sub-basins. The study recommended implementing centralized wastewater treatment systems in priority areas, promoting sustainable land management practices, and supporting environmentally friendly agricultural and livestock farming methods. These interventions are crucial for achieving sustainable development goals related to clean water and sanitation. The findings underscore the importance of integrated river basin management strategies to mitigate water pollution and ensure the long-term health and sustainability of the Ma River Basin.
References
Bach H., Clausen T., Trang D.T., Emerton L., Facon T., Hofer T., Lazarus K., Muziol C., Noble A. & Schill P. (2011). From local watershed management to integrated river basin management at national and transboundary levels. Mekong River Commission, Lao PDR.
Bui H.H., Ha N.H., Nguyen T.N.D., Nguyen A. T., Pham T.T.H., Kandasamy J. & Nguyen T. V. (2019). Integration of SWAT and QUAL2K for water quality modeling in a data scarce basin of Cau River basin in Vietnam. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology. 19(2): 210-223.
Dourojeanni A. (2001). Water management at the river basin level: challenges in Latin America. ECLAC. 72: 1-72.
DSO (2023). Statistical Yearbook of Song Ma district 2023. District of Statistical Office (in Vietnamese).
Fan C., Chen K. H. & Huang Y. Z. (2021). Model-based carrying capacity investigation and its application to total maximum daily load (TMDL) establishment for river water quality management: A case study in Taiwan. Journal of cleaner production. 291: 125251.
Government (2024). Decision No 20/QĐ-TTG on approving the Master Plan for the Ma River Basin for the period 2021-2030, with a vision to 2050 (in Vietnamese).
Herrera V. (2019). Reconciling global aspirations and local realities: Challenges facing the Sustainable Development Goals for water and sanitation. World Development. 118: 106-117.
Huong H. L. & Son N. T. (2020). Response of streamflow and soil erosion to climate change and human activities in Nam Rom River Basin, Northwest of Vietnam. Environ. Nat. Resour. J. 18(4): 411-423.Howard G. (2021). The future of water and sanitation: global challenges and the need for greater ambition. AQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society. 70(4): 438-448.
Kemper K., Blomquist W. & Dinar A. (2007). River basin management at the lowest appropriate level: when and why does it (not) work in practice? In: Integrated river basin management through decentralization. Springer: 3-15.
Me W., Hamilton D. P., McBride C. G., Abell J. M. & Hicks B. J. (2018). Modelling hydrology and water quality in a mixed land use catchment and eutrophic lake: Effects of nutrient load reductions and climate change. Environmental Modelling & Software. 109: 114-133.
Milan B. F. (2017). Clean water and sanitation for all: interactions with other sustainable development goals. Sustainable Water Resources Management. 3(4): 479-489.
Nguyen T. V. H. (2024). Integrated River Basin Planning for the Ma River Period 2021–2030, with a Vision to 2050. Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural Resources and Environment (ISPONRE) (in Vietnamese).
Ngo T.A., Ngo P.L., Vo H.C., Nong H.D. & Nguyen T.H.G. (2020). Environmental pressure from pig farming to surface water quality management in
Yen Dung District Bac Giang Province. VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences. 36(1): 46-56.
Ngo T.A., See L., Leisz S., Tran N., Dinh T. & Nguyen T. (2024). Spatial assessment of pollutant loads for surface water quality management: a case study in Lai Chau city, Vietnam. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing. 012012.
Son N. T. & Loc, N. D. (2024). Establishing Optimal Machine Learning Models for Monitoring Water Quality in Vietnam’s Upper Ma River. Applied Environmental Research. 46(4). DOI: 10.35762/AER.2024053.
Tri D. Q., Linh N. T. M., Thai T. H. & Kandasamy J. (2019). Application of 1D–2D coupled modeling in water quality assessment: A case study in Ca Mau Peninsula, Vietnam. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 113: 83-99.
UBND (2023a). Report No 178/BC-UBND on Environmental Status Report of Song Ma District in 2023 (in Vietnamese).
UBND (2023b). Report on the results of environmental mornitoring in Song Ma district, 2023 (in Vietnamese).
VEA (2019). Guidelines for Calculating the Carrying Capacity of Rivers, JICA Project on Strengthening Water Basin Environmental Management Capacity. Retrieved from https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12353678_04.pdf on October 2, 2024 (in Vietnamese)
Wang L. & Liu H. (2006). An efficient method for identifying and filling surface depressions in digital elevation models for hydrologic analysis and modelling. International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 20(2): 193-213.
Xiang C., Wang Y. & Liu H. (2017). A scientometrics review on nonpoint source pollution research. Ecological engineering. 99: 400-408.