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Comprehensive Analysis of Morphological Variation among 24 Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) Genotypes Oriented to Ornamental Breeding in Vietnam

Tran Thien Long, Nguyen Hong Minh, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Tran Thi Minh Hang, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Nguyen Tien Long, Nguyen Thi Minh

Received: Dec 23, 2019 / Published: Sep 30, 2020
Tomato is one of the most important vegetables cultivated in Vietnam. Besides its regular consumption as a vegetable, a new demand for using tomato as a decorative plant on special occasions was identified in recent years. This study aimed to characterize new tomato accessions on their desirable morphological traits to select potential materials for further breeding programs of ornamental tomato varieties in Vietnam. Twenty-four heirloom tomato genotypes were evaluated on 19 morphological traits. Based on the describing system for tomato developed by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI, 1996), significant variation was assessed in both qualitative and quantitative traits related to fruit morphology. The results of principle component analysis indicated that three main principle components explained over 60% of the total phenotypic variation. The five traits of fruit size, fruit shoulder shape, fruit cross-sectional shape, number of locules, and shape of the pistil scar were recommended as important traits for clustering tomato genotypes in this study. In addition, the 24 genotypes were classified at the coefficient of 0.39 into six different clusters. Finally, six interesting accessions, AU66, AU67, AU68, AU73, AU79, and AU83 (with strange fruit colors and shapes), were selected as potential materials for further breeding programs of ornamental tomato in Vietnam.
Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

Nguyen Thi Loan, Tran Thi My Can

Received: Nov 17, 2020 / Published: Aug 10, 2021
To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.
Integration of Mineral Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer for Improved Tomato Fruit Yield and Quality

Nguyen Thi Loan, Nguyen Ngoc Hung, Tran Thi Thiem, Thieu Thi Phong Thu

Received: May 15, 2023 / Accepted: Jun 12, 2024 / Published: Jun 28, 2024
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chemical and organic fertilizers in different fertilization regimes on vegetative growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality of tomatoes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the winter season of 2021. The treatments were: no fertilizers, application of NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) at a rate of 1000 kg ha-1, application of chicken manure at a rate of 12 tons ha-1, and three treatments of the combination of NPK fertilizer and chicken manure at the ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70, respectively. The results indicated that the combination of chemical and organic fertilizers led to improved vegetative plant growth. Combining 70% of NPK fertilizer with 30% of chicken manure gave the maximum fruit yield component values and fruit yield of tomatoes. Adding chicken manure to the fertilization regimes also led to better fruit quality. The integrated fertilization increased the TSS and vitamin C values, and when 50-70% of the chemical fertilizers were substituted with chicken manure, the sugar content and total acid increased in the fruits. The color at the red stage was more intense in tomato fruits treated with the NPK fertilizer and integrated fertilization regimes compared to those from organic fertilization.
Effects of Chitosan-Plant Extract Coatings on the Postharvest Quality of Mango Fruits (Mangifera indica) with Anthracnose Disease

Nguyen Thi Thu Nga, Nguyen Xuan Bac

Received: May 22, 2020 / Published: Dec 31, 2021
Anthracnose is the most prevalent and devastating fungal disease both before and after harvesting of mango worldwide. The anthracnose pathogen infects fruit in the field and remains quiescent until the fruit is harvested and starts to ripen. This is the major constraint in the commercialization of fresh mango. Currently, this is the first study that has evaluated the impact of a chitosan-based coating with Aloe vera gel and papaya leaf extracts on the postharvest quality of mango fruit infected with anthracnose under ambient storage conditions. After coating and drying, mangoes were artificially inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (105 conidia per mL) and then air-dry, placed in perforated open-top plastic baskets, and stored at room conditions (average temperature 34.3 ± 2°C and relative humidity 71.8 ± 10%). The respiration rate, weight loss, color, firmness, vitamin C content, and spoilage rate were measured during storage. The results showed that the coating formula made with 0.5% chitosan combined with 0.3 % Aloe vera gel and 0.2% papaya leaf extracts was the most effective formula for maintaining postharvest quality and minimizing the spoilage of mango fruit infected with anthracnose under ambient conditions. Further in-depth studies are needed to determine both the mode of action in the successful commercialization of this new edible coating in the fresh mango fruit industry.
Effects of Aloe Vera Gel Coatings on the Postharvest Quality of Honeydew melons (Cucumis melo L.) Stored Under Atmospheric Condition

Nguyen Thi Hanh, Phan Thi Phuong Thao, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Nguyen Thi Thu Nga

Received: Aug 20, 2018 / Accepted: Aug 20, 2018 / Published: Aug 20, 2018
Honeydew melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a highly nutritious fruit, but its climacteric respiration property leads to rapid quality degradation, a short shelf-life, and low marketability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Aloe vera gel coating on postharvest quality of honeydew melon cv. Ngan Huy under atmospheric conditions. The fresh fruits were completely immersed into Aloe vera gel solutions at different concentrations of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% at room temperature for 5 minutes. Tween 80 0.05%, CMC 1%, and glycerol 2% were added in the coating solutions. Thirty-six fruits were used in each treatment. The weight loss, firmness, respiration, and ethylene production rates, total soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C content, and the rate of fruit spoilage were measured during storage to determine the efficacy of the Aloe vera gel in maintaining the postharvest quality of the honeydew melon fruits and protecting them from deterioration. Uncoated fruits exhibited significantly greater changes (P<0.05) in weight loss, firmness, respiration, ethylene production rates, TSS, and vitamin C content compared to coated fruits. Fruits coated with 60% or 70% Aloe vera gel exhibited the smallest changes (P<0.05) in all the tested parameters. Based on the changes of the overall quality characteristics, application of an edible coating with 60% or 70% of Aloe vera gel were considered to be the most suitable practice to maintain the quality of honeydew melon.
A Review on Potential Application of CRISPR/Cas Systems in the Improvement of the Growth Habits and Fruit Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Vietnam

Van Hai Tong, Trinh Thi Thu Thuy, Phan Thi Hien, Chu Duc Ha, La Viet Hong, Tran Van Tien, Nguyen Quoc Trung

Received: Aug 16, 2021 / Published: Mar 30, 2022
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is known as the most important vegetable crop that is widely cultivated throughout the world. Improvements of the growth, development, and productivity have become core strategies for the sustainable development of tomato in many countries. Here, we performed an intensive summary of recent applications of genome editing in customizing the growth habits and fruit quality in tomato plants. First, the advantages of genome editing, particularly CRISPR/Cas systems, were introduced. We then summarized all up-to-date studies related to the genome editing-based functional characterization of genes of interest in tomato with the aim of designing the growth habits and enhancing the fruit quality. Finally, we discussed the potential applications of this promising tool in tomato breeding programs in Vietnam. Taken together, our review has provided a wide view for further studies towards improving the growth, development, and productivity of tomato in Vietnam.
Modified Atmosphere Packaging Reduces Pericarp Browning and Maintains the Quality of ‘Huong Chi’ Longan Fruit (Dimocarpus Longan) Pretreated with Citric Acid

Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Nguyen Thi Hanh

Received: May 14, 2020 / Published: Dec 31, 2020
Longan ‘Huong Chi’ (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is one of the most favorite and widely exported fruits in Vietnam, but the trading of longan faces considerable challenges due to rapid pericarp browning and decay. Our study aimed to determine the effects of modified atmospheres generated by low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene bag (PP), and LifeSpan L201 films on the quality and pericarp browning of ‘Huong Chi’ longan fruit pre-treated with 3.0 % citric acid and stored at 5oC. The results showed that LifeSpan L201 and LDPE packaging created an equilibrium atmosphere of 10.66 ± 0.78% O2, 4.44 ± 0.64% CO2, and 15.04 ± 0.89% O2, 2.96 ± 0.61% CO2, respectively. The modified atmospheres generated by LifeSpan L201 and LDPE delayed pericarp browning, maintained the total soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C content, and reduced decay in longan fruit. Meanwhile, the PP packaging resulted in an improperly modified atmosphere which led to severe decay and browning in cold storage conditions.
Green Solvent Extraction and Quality Characteristics of Passion Fruit Seed Oil (Passiflora edulis Sims var. edulis)

Nguyen Thi Thu Nga, Nguyen Xuan Bac, Lai Thi Ngoc Ha

Received: May 14, 2020 / Published: May 15, 2020
The extraction of oil from passion fruit seeds with acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, and hexane was studied. The effects of the variables, namely type of solvent, material to solvent ratio, temperature, and extraction time, were investigated. The highest extraction yield was 78.52%, which was obtained using ethyl acetate with a material to solvent ratio of 1/10 at room temperature (28oC) for 4h using a shaker. This yield was similar to that obtained when using hexane as a solvent. Our results indicate that ethyl acetate can replace the conventional hexane solvent in the extraction of oil from passion fruit seeds. The high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in passion fruit seed oil suggests that this product has good potential for use in the human food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

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