Vol 6 No 2 (2023): Accepted Paper

(T1) puddled + water seeding + Fe-coated seeds; (T2) non-puddled + dry seeding + Fe-coated seeds; (T3) zero-tillage + non-puddled + dry seeding + Fe-coated seeds; (T4) puddled + water seeding + sprouted + non-Fe-coated seeds; (T5) puddled + wet seeding + sprouted + non-Fe-coated seeds; (T6) puddled + transplanting + sprouted + non-Fe-coated seeds. The results showed that the change in land preparation, planting method, and Fe-coated seeds did not significantly affect the tillers number, plant height, yield components, soil chemical properties, grain yield, and Fe uptake in the rice plant and grain. However, they tended to be higher in the grains yield (5.86–5.90 tons ha–1), total Fe content in grain (93.0–94.3 mg kg–1), and rice plant (83.1–84.0 mg kg–1) in T3 and T6 treatments. These findings from this study confirmed that the new planting methods using zero-tillage + non-puddled + dry seeding + Fe-coated seeds should maintain the germination rate of rice seeds, growth, and grain yield.

comparative and descriptive statistics were applied to demonstrate the picture of vegetable distribution route from traditional and modern channel. The results showed the differences between traditional and modern distribution channel of vegetable.  While traditional distribution chain relates to various intermediaries, supermarket chain tends to shorten by shifting to direct producer-buyer relationships. In addition, supermarket distribution channel focuses on safe vegetables including VietGAP and organic, there is no different between safe vegetables and conventional vegetables in traditional channel. Producers, therefore may get higher price up to 50% when supplying in supermarket chains. Solutions to encourage the development of agricultural cooperatives, raise the vertical integration, develop the sustainability cooperation among stakeholders in supply chain are highly recommended in order to strengthen the distribution system of vegetable.

one in terms of step plan, focus, system boundaries, reuse and business models. The CE model includes slow, close resource loops and narrowing resource flows, based on the foundation of renewable and non-toxic resources as well as through long-lasting design, reduce, maintenance, repair, reuse, remanufacturing, refurbishing, recovering and recycling. Many countries around the world have adapted CE model with different circularity levels with the main focus to reduce wastes. The paper also recommends that the CE should be considered as a central point of socio-economic development programs and policies that must addresses the full cycle, from product design to production processes, consumption and recycling rather than only waste reduction focus. Producers should use CE framework as basis for product design, manufacture and recycling strategies. Consumers should change their perception of CE and behaviors towards making decisions to buy and consume toward circularity. Also, there is a need to change perception of policy makers and other stakeholders on the CE concepts and framework.

and cross price elasticities of imported melons into China differentiated by exporting country. The demand system of imported melons in China is estimated using a source differentiated Linear Approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS). The results suggest that imported melons are weakly separable from other imported fruits. While melons from Vietnam and Myanmar are substitutes for each other, the price of rest of the world (ROW) melons did not have a significant effect on China’s imports of melons from Vietnam or Myanmar. The estimated coefficients from the seasonal dummy variables included in the demand equations show little seasonality in the market shares of Vietnam, Myanmar and the ROW for melon imports to China